*     -- Leituras básicas e principais
**  -- Leituras de aprofundamento e opcionais

 **1 Pui CH. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Curr Opin Oncol 2000; 12(1):3-12.

 **2 Reiter A, Schrappe M, Ludwig WD, Hiddemann W, Sauter S, Henze G et al. Chemotherapy in 998 unselected childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Results and conclusions of the multicenter trial ALL-BFM 86. Blood 1994; 84(9):3122-3133.

 **3 Gale KB, Ford AM, Repp R, Borkhardt A, Keller C, Eden OB et al. Backtracking leukemia to birth: identification of clonotypic gene fusion sequences in neonatal blood spots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94(25):13950-13954.

 4 Ross JA, Potter JD, Reaman GH, Pendergrass TW, Robison LL. Maternal exposure to potential inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II and infant leukemia (United States): a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7(6):581-590.

 **5 Ross JA. Dietary flavonoids and the MLL gene: A pathway to infant leukemia? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97(9):4411-4413.

 6 Gajjar A, Ribeiro R, Hancock ML, Rivera GK, Mahmoud H, Sandlund JT et al. Persistence of circulating blasts after 1 week of multiagent chemotherapy confers a poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1995; 86(4):1292-1295.

 **7 Gajjar A, Harrison PL, Sandlund JT, Rivera GK, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE et al. Traumatic lumbar puncture at diagnosis adversely affects outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2000; 96(10):3381-3384.

 **8 Pui CH, Campana D, Crist WM. Toward a clinically useful classification of the acute leukemias. Leukemia 1995; 9(12):2154-2157.

 9 Trueworthy R, Shuster J, Look T, Crist W, Borowitz M, Carroll A et al. Ploidy of lymphoblasts is the strongest predictor of treatment outcome in B-progenitor cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10(4):606-613.

 10 Shurtleff SA, Buijs A, Behm FG, Rubnitz JE, Raimondi SC, Hancock ML et al. TEL/AML1 fusion resulting from a cryptic t(12;21) is the most common genetic lesion in pediatric ALL and defines a subgroup of patients with an excellent prognosis. Leukemia 1995; 9(12):1985-1989.

 11 Neale GA, Coustan-Smith E, Pan Q, Chen X, Gruhn B, Stow P et al. Tandem application of flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction for comprehensive detection of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1999; 13(8):1221-1226.

*12 Coustan-Smith E, Sancho J, Hancock ML, Boyett JM, Behm FG, Raimondi SC et al. Clinical importance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2000; 96(8):2691-2696.

 **13 Gaynon PS, Desai AA, Bostrom BC, Hutchinson RJ, Lange BJ, Nachman JB et al. Early response to therapy and outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a review. Cancer 1997; 80(9):1717-1726.

*  14 Nachman JB, Sather HN, Sensel MG, Trigg ME, Cherlow JM, Lukens JN et al. Augmented post-induction therapy for children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a slow response to initial therapy. N Engl J Med 1998; 338(23):1663-1671.

 **15 Toyoda Y, Manabe A, Tsuchida M, Hanada R, Ikuta K, Okimoto Y et al. Six months of maintenance chemotherapy after intensified treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18(7):1508-1516.

 *16 Schrappe M, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, Harbott J, Ludwig WD, Henze G et al. Long-term results of four consecutive trials in childhood ALL performed by the ALL-BFM study group from 1981 to 1995. Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster. Leukemia 2000; 14(12):2205-2222.
 17 Miller DR, Leikin SL, Albo VC, Sather H, Hammond GD. Three versus five years of maintenance therapy are equivalent in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7(3):316-325.

 *18 Relling MV, Hancock ML, Boyett JM, Pui CH, Evans WE. Prognostic importance of 6-mercaptopurine dose intensity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1999; 93(9):2817-2823.

 19 Rivard GE, Infante-Rivard C, Hoyoux C, Champagne J. Maintenance chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: better in the evening. Lancet 1985; 2(8467):1264-1266.

 *20 Schrappe M, Reiter A, Ludwig WD, Harbott J, Zimmermann M, Hiddemann W et al. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90. German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Blood 2000; 95(11):3310-3322.

 21 Nachman J, Sather HN, Cherlow JM, Sensel MG, Gaynon PS, Lukens JN et al. Response of children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with and without cranial irradiation: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16(3):920-930.

 22 Neglia JP, Meadows AT, Robison LL, Kim TH, Newton WA, Ruymann FB et al. Second neoplasms after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. N Engl J Med 1991; 325(19):1330-1336.

 **23 Relling MV, Rubnitz JE, Rivera GK, Boyett JM, Hancock ML, Felix CA et al. High incidence of secondary brain tumours after radiotherapy and antimetabolites. Lancet 1999; 354(9172):34-39.

 *24 Pui CH, Mahmoud HH, Rivera GK, Hancock ML, Sandlund JT, Behm FG et al. Early intensification of intrathecal chemotherapy virtually eliminates central nervous system relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1998; 92(2):411-415.

 **25 Wheeler K, Richards S, Bailey C, Chessells J. Comparison of bone marrow transplant and chemotherapy for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the MRC UKALL X experience. Medical Research Council Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1998; 101(1):94-103.

 *26 Pui CH, Campana D, Evans WE. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--current status and future perspectives. Lancet Oncol 2001; 2(10):597-607.
 27 Gaynon PS, Trigg ME, Heerema NA, Sensel MG, Sather HN, Hammond GD et al. Children's Cancer Group trials in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 1983-1995. Leukemia 2000; 14(12):2223-2233.

 28 Relling MV, Hancock ML, Rivera GK, Sandlund JT, Ribeiro RC, Krynetski EY et al. Mercaptopurine therapy intolerance and heterozygosity at the thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene locus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91(23):2001-2008.

 *29 Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, Gaynon PS, La MK, Johnston K et al. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood 2003; 101(10):3809-3817.

 **30 Arico M, Valsecchi MG, Conter V, Rizzari C, Pession A, Messina C et al. Improved outcome in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia defined by prednisone-poor response treated with double Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster protocol II. Blood 2002; 100(2):420-426.

 31 Lange BJ, Bostrom BC, Cherlow JM, Sensel MG, La MK, Rackoff W et al. Double-delayed intensification improves event-free survival for children with intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood 2002; 99(3):825-833.

 *32 Millot F, Suciu S, Philippe N, Benoit Y, Mazingue F, Uyttebroeck A et al. Value of high-dose cytarabine during interval therapy of a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster-based protocol in increased-risk children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma: results of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 58881 randomized phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19(7):1935-1942.

 *33 Duval M, Suciu S, Ferster A, Rialland X, Nelken B, Lutz P et al. Comparison of Escherichia coli-asparaginase with Erwinia-asparaginase in the treatment of childhood lymphoid malignancies: results of a randomized European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Children's Leukemia Group phase 3 trial. Blood 2002; 99(8):2734-2739.

 34 Harms DO, Goebel U, Spaar HJ, Graubner UB, Jorch N, Gutjahr P et al. Thioguanine offers no advantage over Mercaptopurine in maintenance treatment of childhood ALL: results of the randomized trial COALL-92. Blood 2003.

 35 Loning L, Zimmermann M, Reiter A, Kaatsch P, Henze G, Riehm H et al. Secondary neoplasms subsequent to Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood: significantly lower risk without cranial radiotherapy. Blood 2000; 95(9):2770-2775.

 36 Mahmoud HH, Rivera GK, Hancock ML, Krance RA, Kun LE, Behm FG et al. Low leukocyte counts with blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(5):314-319.

 37 Asselin BL, Whitin JC, Coppola DJ, Rupp IP, Sallan SE, Cohen HJ. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of three asparaginase preparations. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11(9):1780-1786.

 *38 Howard SC, Gajjar AJ, Cheng C, Kritchevsky SB, Somes GW, Harrison PL et al. Risk factors for traumatic and bloody lumbar puncture in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAMA 2002; 288(16):2001-2007.

 39 Mori H, Colman SM, Xiao Z, Ford AM, Healy LE, Donaldson C et al. Chromosome translocations and covert leukemic clones are generated during normal fetal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99(12):8242-8247.

 *40 Greaves M. Childhood leukaemia. BMJ 2002; 324(7332):283-287.

 41 Rizzari C, Valsecchi MG, Arico M, Conter V, Testi A, Barisone E et al. Effect of protracted high-dose L-asparaginase given as a second exposure in a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster-based treatment: results of the randomized 9102 intermediate-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia study--a report from the Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19(5):1297-1303.

 **42 Silverman LB, Gelber RD, Dalton VK, Asselin BL, Barr RD, Clavell LA et al. Improved outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber Consortium Protocol 91-01. Blood 2001; 97(5):1211-1218.

 *43 Pui CH, Campana D. New definition of remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2000; 14(5):783-785.

 44 LeClerc JM, Billett AL, Gelber RD, Dalton V, Tarbell N, Lipton JM et al. Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber ALL Consortium Protocol 87-01. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20(1):237-246.
 

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